Electrical Transformer equivalent circuit's

 Definition of a new Electrical Transformer

The Transformer in two windings - primary and secondary winding. The winding has resistance and reactance. 

The equivalent circuits of a practical Transformer are given below.

fig.  for transformer equivalent circuit

 

For low power losses, the resistance and reactance of the winding should be as minimal as possible. However, it is only hypothetical that the winding has zero resistance and reactance.

EMF - Electromotive force

E- Electro

M-motive 

F-force

A new Transformer is an imaginary Electrical Transformer in which

 

Zero copper loss - The copper loss of a new Transformer is zero because the winding resistance of the primary and secondary is zero. This means that both windings are pure inductive in nature.

Zero leakage current - The leakage current is the part of the main current that does not connect to the secondary winding of the Transformer. In a new Transformer, it is assumed that the entire flow produced in the primary is connected to the secondary and thus the entire flow produced in the primary is fully utilized.

Zero iron loss - It is assumed that a new Transformer has a core of infinite permeability. An ideal transformer takes a very low magnetization current to establish flux in the core.

100% Efficiency - 

Electrical Transformer Disadvantages -

 If a Transformer meets the above three criteria, the heel current, hysteresis, and copper loss are zero and the transformer gives output power equal to the input power. However, this is a hypothetical situation and a transformer or any device may not be 99% efficient.

 

"Turning the magnet on alternately generates an alternating current in the core and the flow produced is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetized current and is in phase with the current. The flux produced in the primary connects to the secondary and induces an E2 voltage. The induced voltage E2 in the secondary is equal to the output voltage V2 of the secondary."