Bridge rectifier circuit diagram with filter

Circuit Diagram of full-wave bridge rectifier with capacitor filter

In a full-wave rectifier circuit, we need a center-tapped transformer. Sometimes center-tapped transformers of the required voltage are not available in the market or the price of the transformer is high. Bridge rectifiers are used to solve this problem.

 

 

Bridge rectifier

 

Description Bridge rectifier 

 It has four diodes connected as shown in the diagram. When the supply is delivered to the primary winding, a 12-volt AC is induced in the secondary winding. During the positive half cycle point 'A', the transformer becomes positive and the point becomes negative. The current flows to load through diode D1 and returns through diode D2. During the negative half-cycle point, 'A' the transformer becomes negative and the point becomes positive. Current flows through diode d3 and back through diode d4. In this way, both flow through the half-cycle load leading to full-wave rectification. Capacitors C1 and C2 are used as filter circuits. Bridge rectifiers are used in many places

Without transformer at 230 volts. In such cases, the PIV of the diode must be greater than 1000 volts.

Symptoms of the bridge rectifier

Wave factor The smoothing of the output DC signal is measured by a factor known as the ripple factor. The output DC signal with a low waveform is considered a smooth DC signal, while the output with high waves is considered the high pulsation DC signal. Mathematically, the ripple factor is defined as the ratio of the ripple voltage to the pure DC voltage. The waveform factor for a bridge rectifier is given by γ = (Vrms2VDC) r1 r r For the bridge rectifier, the ripple factor is 0.48.

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Peak inversion voltage

The maximum voltage a diode can withstand in the reverse bias condition is known as an inverted voltage. During the positive half cycle, diodes D1 and D3 are in the conducting state while D2 and D4 are in the non-conductive state. Similarly, during the negative half cycle, diodes D2 and D4 are in the conducting state, and diodes D1 and D3 are in the non-conducting state.

Efficiency

Rectifier efficiency determines how the rectifier alternately converts current (AC) to direct current (DC). The maximum efficiency of a bridge rectifier is 81.2%. η = DCOutputPowerACOutputPower

Benefit

The efficiency of a bridge rectifier is greater than the efficiency of a half-wave rectifier. However, the rectifier efficiency of the bridge rectifier and the center-tapped full-wave rectifier are the same. The bridge rectifier's DC output signal is smoother than the small-wear output DC signal. In a half-wave rectifier, only half of the input AC signal is used and the other half is blocked. Half of the input signal is wasted in the half-wave rectifier. However, in a bridge rectifier, electric current is allowed during both positive and negative cycles of the input AC signal. Therefore, the output DC signal is approximately equal to the input AC signal.

Loss

The circuit of a bridge rectifier is complex compared to a half-rect rectifier and a center-tapped full-wave rectifier. Bridge rectifiers use 4 diodes while half-wave rectifiers and center tapped full wave rectifiers use only two diodes. More power loss occurs when more diodes are used. In the center-tapped full-wave rectifier, only one diode is operated during each half cycle. But in a bridge rectifier, two diodes connected in series conduct during each half cycle. Therefore, the voltage drop across the bridge rectifier is high.