rf controlled home appliances

RF remote control for home appliances project report

rf controlled 

 Nowadays people want to make everything control by wireless. Remote-controlled Home appliance. , So the rf control home appliance project is used to fulfill their requirement.  

CONTENTS

                                                                                            

RF CONTROL HOME APPLIANCE

v Introduction……………………………………………………………..

v Block Diagram And its description……………………………………..

v Printed Circuit Board(PCB)…………………………………………….

v Software programmer………………………………………………… ..

1.     Keil v3

2.     Flash magic v4.01

v Circuit diagram …………………………………………………………

Power supply

v  Components  Description………………………………………………

v Applications …………………………………………………………….

 the project in which the home application such as fan, light, ac, etc control by a wireless remote. 

This project  utilizes the RF module (Tx/Rx) for making a wireless remote, which could be used to drive output from a distant place. RF module, as the name suggests, uses radio frequency to send signals. These signals are transmitted at a particular frequency and a baud rate. A receiver can receive these signals only if it is configured for that frequency. This radio frequency (RF) transmission system employs Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) with transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operating at 434 MHz. The transmitter module takes serial input and transmits these signals through RF. The transmitted signals are received by the receiver module placed away from the source of transmission.  

 

A four-channel encoder/decoder pair has also been used in this system. The input signals, at the transmitter side, are taken through four switches while the outputs are monitored on a set of four LEDs corresponding to each input switch. The circuit can be used for designing Remote Appliance Control system. The outputs from the receiver can drive corresponding relays connected to any household appliance.

Microcontroller is used for modification purposes. In the future, if we required the appliance to turn off after some time then we program the microcontroller to turn it off after some time. And we can also use the same kit for another purpose.  

Description in detail: It mainly consists of the following block

1. Buttons: It is used to make on/off switches.

2. Encoder HT12E: It is the IC used to convert the parallel data into serial data.

3. RF Transmitter: It is used to transmit the serial signal by using radio wave.

4. Antenna: It is used to send and receive the signal.

5. RF Receiver: It is used to receive the serial data.

6. Decoder HT12D: It is used to convert serial data into parallel data.

 

7. Microcontroller: This is the CPU (central processing unit) of our project. We are going to use a microcontroller of the 8051 families. The various functions of a microcontroller are like
I. Receive signal from the decoder.  2.& gives programmed output.

8. Power supply: It is used to supply power to microcontrollers and other devices

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD.

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks, or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. Printed circuit boards are used in virtually all but the simplest commercially produced electronic devices. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly, or PCB Assembly. In informal use, the term "PCB" is used both for bare and assembled boards, the context clarifying the meaning. Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction. PCBs must initially be designed and laid out, but become cheaper, faster to make, and potentially more reliable for high-volume production since production and soldering of PCBs can be automated. Much of the electronics industry's PCB design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by standards published by the IPC organization.

KEIL SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING

 

 

STEP 1. OPEN KEIL FROM DESKTOP

STEP 2. CLICK ON PROJECT

information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement and may be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the software on any medium except as specifically allowed in the license or nondisclosure agreement. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and

retrieval systems, for any purpose other than the purchaser’s personal use, without prior

written permission.

Every effort was made to ensure the accuracy in this manual and to give appropriate credit

to persons, companies and trademarks referenced herein.

© Embedded Systems Academy, Inc. 2000-2009

All Rights Reserved

Manual

Step 1 – Connection Settings

Before the device can be used the settings required to make a connection must be specified.

Select the desired COM port from the drop-down list or type the desired COM port directly

into the box. If you enter the COM port yourself then you must enter it in one of the

Step 2 – Erasing

This step is optional, however, if you attempt to program the device without first erasing at

At least one Flash block, then Flash Magic will warn you and ask you if you are sure you want

to program the device.

Select each Flash block that you wish to erase by clicking on its name. If you wish to erase all the Flash then check that option. If you check to erase a Flash block and all the Flash then the Flash block will not be individually erased. If you wish to erase only the Flash blocks used by the hex file you are going to select, then check that option.For most devices erasing all the Flash also results in the Boot Vector and Status Byte being set to default values, which ensure that the Bootloader will be executed on reset, regardless of the state of the PSEN pin or other hardware requirements. Only when programming a Hex File has been completed will the Status Byte be set to 00H to allow the code to execute. This is a safeguard against accidentally attempting to execute when the Flash is erased. On some devices erasing all the Flash will also erase the security bits. This will be indicated by the text next to the Erase all Flash option. On some devices erasing all the Flash will also erase the speed setting of the device (the number of clocks per cycle) setting it back to the default. This will be indicated by the text next to the Erase all Flash option.

Step 3 – Selecting the Hex File

This step is optional. If you do not wish to program a Hex File then do not select one.

Step 4 – Options

Flash Magic provides various options that may be used after the Hex File has been

programmed.

Step 5 – Performing the Operations

Step 5 contains a Start button.

Clicking the Start button will result in all the selected operations in the main window taking

place. They will be in order:

·  Erasing Flash

·  Programming the Hex File

·  Verifying the Hex File

·  Filling Unused Flash

·  Generating Checksums

·  Programming the clocks bit

·  Programming the Security Bits

·  Executing the firmware

Once started progress information and a progress bar will be displayed at the bottom of the main window. In addition, the Start button will change to a cancel button. Click on the cancel button to cancel the operation.

Note that if you cancel during erasing all the Flash, it may take a few seconds before the operation is canceled. Once the operations have finished the progress information will briefly show the message “Finished…”. The Programmed The count shown next to the progress bar will increment. This shows the total number of times the hex file has been programmed. Modifying the hex file or selecting another hex file will reset the count. Alternatively, right-clicking over the count provides a menu with the option to immediately reset the count.

 

 

 

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY

This circuit is a small +5V power supply, which is useful when experimenting with digital electronics, and easy to build. Small inexpensive wall transformers with variable output voltage are available from any electronics shop and supermarket. Those transformers are easily available, but usually, their voltage regulation is very poor, which makes then not very usable for digital circuit experimenters unless a better regulation can be achieved in some way. The following circuit is the answer to the problem.

This circuit can give +5V output at about 150 mA current, but it can be increased to 1 A when good cooling is added to the 7805 regulator chip. The circuit has over overload and terminal protection.

Component Description: MICROCONTROLLERS

  

      Microcontroller8051

The Intel 8051 microcontroller is one of the most popular general purpose microcontrollers in use today. The success of the Intel 8051 spawned a number of clones which are collectively referred to as the MCS-51 family of microcontrollers, which includes chips from vendors such as Atmel, Philips, Infineon, and Texas Instruments.About the 8051.

The Intel 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller which means that most available operations are limited to 8 bits. There are 3 basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short, Standard, and Extended. The Short and Standard chips are often available in DIP (dual in-line package) form, but the Extended 8051 models often have a different form factor, and are not "drop-in compatible". All these things are called 8051 because they can all be programmed using 8051 assembly language, and they all share certain features (although the different models all have their own special features).

Some of the features that have made the 8051 popular are:

• 4 KB on-chip program memory.
• 128 bytes on-chip data memory(RAM).
• 4 reg banks.
• 128 user-defined software flags.
• 8-bit data bus
• 16-bit address bus
• 32 general-purpose registers each of 8 bits
• 16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less).
• 3 internal and 2 external interrupts.
• Bit as well as byte-addressable RAM area of 16 bytes.
• Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit ports).
• 16-bit program counter and data pointer.
• 1 Microsecond instruction cycle with 12 MHz Crystal.

8051 models may also have a number of special, model-specific features, such as UARTs, ADC, OpAmps, etc...The proposed system is based on the 8051 μcontroller which is in our syllabus. For doing this project we use some of the software like Eagle software is used for designing the PCB for this project. (Since PCB making is a big process and involves a lot of machinery which are expensive, we are going to outsource this to the manufacturer.)IC8051 is one of the popular Microcontroller. It has only 20 pins and there are 15 input/output lines. The microcontroller has a program memory of 2Kilobytes. The microcontroller continuously monitors the sensor feed and if somebody enters sensors will provide information to the data processing unit. This counter Sensor consists of 3 Sections as follows: Detect Object (Sensor), Data Processing (CPU), and final section Display by LCD module.

1.     Detect Object (Sensor): Proximity sensor(infrared sensors)2. Data Processing (CPU): For this project, we choose microcontroller 8051 .3. Display: For the final section Display by seven segment display digital visitor counter is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of counting.A number of Persons/ Visitors in the Room very accurately. When somebody enters the Room then the Counter is Incremented by one. The total number of persons inside the Room is displayed on the seven-segment display. The microcontroller does the above job it receives the signals from the sensors, and these signals operated under the control of software that is stored in ROM. You can reset the counter using a switch.

The 8051 functional diagram consists of the following blocks

·        Internal RAM and ROM

·        I/O ports with programmable pins

·         Timers and counters

·        Serial data communication

The architecture of the 8051 μC contains the collection of 8-bit and 16-bit registers and 8-bit memory locations. These registers and memory locations can be made to operate using the software instructions that are incorporated as part of the design. The program instructions have to do control of the registers and digital data paths that are physically contained inside the 8051, as well as memory locations that are physically located outside the 8051. The model is complicated by the number of special-purpose registers that must be present to make a microcomputer. A cursory inspection of the model is recommended for the first-time viewer. Most of the registers have a specific function. Each register exception of the program counter has the internal 1-byte address assigned to it. Some registers are both bits as well as byte-addressable. Software instructions are generally able to specify a register by its address, its symbolic notation.

8051 Architecture

The generic 8051 architecture sports a Harvard architecture, which contains two separate buses for both program and data. So, it has two distinctive memory spaces of 64K X 8 size for both program and data. It is based on an 8-bit central processing unit with an 8 bit Accumulator and another 8 bit B register as main processing blocks. Other portions of the architecture include a few 8 bit and 16-bit registers and 8-bit memory locations. Each 8051 device has some amount of data RAM built in the device for internal

processing. This area is used for stack operations and temporary storage of data. This base architecture is supported with on-chip peripheral functions like I/Oports, timers/counters, versatile serial communication port. So it is clear that this8051 architecture was designed to cater to many real-time embedded needs. The following list gives the features of the 8051 architecture:

 Optimized 8 bit CPU for control applications.

 Extensive Boolean processing capabilities.

64K Program Memory address space.

 64K Data Memory address space.

 128 bytes of on-chip Data Memory.

32 Bi-directional and individually addressable I/O lines.

 Two 16 bit timers/counters.

VCC Supply voltage.

GND Ground.

Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port. Port pins P1.2 to P1.7 provide internal pullups. P1.0 and P1.1 require external pullups.

P1.0 and P1.1also serve as the positive input (AIN0) and the negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip precision analog comparator. The Port 1output buffers can sink 20 mA and can drive LED displays directly.When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they can be used as inputs. When pins P1.2 to P1.7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 1 also receives code data during Flash programming and program verification.

Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bidirectional I/O pins with internal pullups. P3.6 is hard-wired as an input to the output of the on-chip comparator and is not accessible as a general purpose I/O pin. Port 3 output buffers can sink 20 mA. When 1s are written to Port 3pins are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C2051 as listed below. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and programming verification.

RST Reset input. All I/O pins are reset to 1s as soon as RST goes high.Holding the RST pin high for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.

Each machine cycle takes 12 oscillator or clock cycles.

XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Application:-

1. It is used in automobiles such as remote for a car for unlocking and derive.
2. It is used in industry, for such locations where the risk of human life cannot take such as mines.
3. Used in hospital, for the patients who are not able to do work by themselves.
4. Used in the military such as Dron, wireless Bomb, etc.
5. Used in-home appliances such as television, AC, Wireless mouse & keyboard.

6. Used in toys.